![]() A method for operating an inverter and inverter.
专利摘要:
A method for operating an inverter is described, which is connected to the supply of electrical power with an AC voltage network (1) in which ripple control signals at a ripple control frequency (f RSS) are transmitted, and a current control (20) for adjusting an injected alternating current (i WR). The current control (20) comprises generating a setpoint value (1 WR *) for the supplied alternating current (i WR), detecting an actual value of the supplied alternating current (i WR) at the output of the inverter and driving a circuit breaker of an inverter bridge circuit (18) as a function of a difference between the setpoint value (i WR *) and the actual value of the supplied alternating current (i WR). The actual value of the supplied alternating current (i WR) or the difference is filtered by means of a band stop filter (22) adapted to the ripple control frequency (f RSS), so that the current regulation (20) takes place independently of ripple control signals in the AC voltage network (1). Also described is an inverter for performing the method. 公开号:CH710061A2 申请号:CH01192/15 申请日:2015-08-18 公开日:2016-02-29 发明作者:Pablo Ignacio Correa Dr Vasquez;Vitali Sakschewski 申请人:Sma Solar Technology Ag; IPC主号:
专利说明:
Technical field of the invention The invention relates to a method for operating an inverter, which is connected to the feeding of an electrical power in an alternating voltage network, wherein ripple control signals are transmitted in the alternating voltage network, and an inverter for operation with the inventive method. State of the art Inverters serve the conversion of direct current into a suitable for feeding into an alternating voltage network, grid-compatible alternating current. Such inverters are used, for example, in photovoltaic systems and feed the alternating current at a fundamental frequency of the alternating voltage network. AC power grids are also used for signal transmission, for example by imprinted by means of so-called ripple control transmitters ripple control signals in the AC voltage network and transmitted to ripple control signal receiver. The ripple control signals have ripple control frequencies, which are in a frequency range of about a few 100 Hz to about a few kilohertz, with signals in this frequency range in the AC voltage network, even over longer distances are transmitted only slightly attenuated. Typically, a specific ripple control transmitter transmits at a specific ripple control frequency set by the network operator of the network section in which the ripple control transmitter is located. The ripple control signals are superimposed or impressed on the grid voltage at the connection point of a ripple control transmitter as additional control or AC voltage. The amplitude of this voltage is in the range of less than 1 percent to a few percent of the amplitude of the fundamental in the AC network. The ripple control signals are attenuated by consumers and generators connected to the AC mains due to the finite impedance of these loads and generators at the ripple control frequency. This attenuation is undesirable, since the signal levels are already small in itself and the range of the ripple control signals is thereby reduced. In an inverter that feeds electrical power into the AC power circuit, circuit breakers of an output stage, usually an output bridge of the inverter, driven by a current control such that the inverter fed alternating current usually has a ideally ideal sinusoidal course. For this purpose, output currents and output voltages are detected and set values for the output currents are determined, in particular as a function of a difference between setpoint and actual values of the output currents. Alternatively or additionally, the output voltages can be taken into account and / or control values for the output voltages can be determined. Control signals for the power switches of the inverter are generated from the control values for the output currents or the output voltages, and the power switches are clocked in accordance with the control signals. In this case, the inverter behaves at the fundamental frequency of the AC voltage network as a power source, that is, the current control follows the fundamental of the setpoint. Harmonics in the mains voltage at frequencies above the mains frequency, such as ripple control signals are not perfectly compensated in the context of a conventional current control, for example by means of a proportional controller and act on the regulation of the injected current and thus taking into account the network impedance to the mains voltage. This effect on the mains voltage is in the opposite direction of the ripple control signals and therefore acts as attenuation of the ripple control signals, the magnitude of the attenuation depending on the level of the network impedance and, in particular in a weak network with high network impedance leads to the amplitude of the ripple control signals by an AC feeding inverter is reduced with conventional power control such that a secure transmission of the ripple control signals is no longer guaranteed. From EP 2 070 180 Al a method for operating an inverter is known, in which the converter is operated by means of a control device as an active audio frequency block by an inverter generated and fed AC waveform an audio frequency stream is impressed with a predetermined audio frequency , In this case, the audio frequency current to be recorded can be determined as a function of an audio frequency stream filtered out of the mains-side alternating current by means of a bandpass filter. By this method it is achieved that ripple control signals continue undamped in the range of the predetermined audio frequency and possibly amplified. However, the gain depends on the network impedance and the higher the network impedance, the greater. Object of the invention The invention has for its object to provide a method for operating an inverter that can be easily integrated into a current control of the inverter and effectively avoids or reduces the influence of ripple control signals by the inverter regardless of the network impedance and especially at high network impedances, as well to show an inverter for carrying out the method. solution The object is achieved by a method for operating an inverter with the features of patent claim 1 and by an inverter with the features of claim 8. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims. Description of the invention A method for operating an inverter, which is connected to the supply of electrical power with an alternating voltage network in which ripple control signals are transmitted at a ripple control frequency, comprises a current control for adjusting an applied alternating current. The current control comprises generating a desired value for the supplied alternating current, detecting an actual value of the supplied alternating current at the output of the inverter, as well as driving of circuit breakers of an inverter bridge circuit as a function of a difference between the desired value and the actual value of the supplied alternating current. The inventive method is characterized in that the actual value of the supplied alternating current or the difference is filtered by means of a matched to the ripple control band stop filter, so that the current control is independent of ripple control signals in the alternating voltage network. The band stop filter in this case has a resonance point, which is designed such that the ripple control frequency is located on the left or right flank of the resonance point. As a result, frequency components in the area of the ripple control frequency are selectively phase-shifted based on the band-stop filter and it is achieved that, on the one hand, an attenuation of disturbances in the mains voltage, which is a fundamentally desired property of the regulation, in particular in frequency ranges next to the ripple control frequency and even at the resonant frequency of the bandstop filter is increased, while on the other hand caused by conventional inverter operated attenuation of the ripple control signals with a frequency at the edge of the resonance point of the bandpass filter is largely avoided. The bandstop filter is designed in such a way that it generates a phase shift between measured and filtered actual values at the ripple control frequency, which compensates for a phase offset at the ripple control frequency between measured actual values and actual actual values in the AC voltage network due to electrical properties of output-side filter components. The current control thus takes place insofar independent of the ripple control signals, as the inverter always feeds the same power at the ripple control frequency, regardless of whether a ripple control signal is present in the AC power grid or not. In addition, the method at the ripple control frequency is independent of a network impedance of the AC voltage network. In particular, in weak alternating voltage networks with a high network impedance can thus be optimally supported by an inverter operated by the inventive method inverter while ensuring trouble-free transmission of the ripple control signals, even if a variety of operated with inventive method inverters is operated in a network section. In one embodiment of the method, the current control may include a regulator whose output value is used to drive the power switches of the inverter bridge circuit. Such a controller can be designed, in particular, as a proportional-integral controller, as a proportional-resonance controller or as a proportional-integral-resonance controller in order to ensure sufficient time dynamics of the current regulation. It is basically sufficient if the band stop filter is applied to an input variable of the proportional component of the regulator. A controller designed in this way can generate as output value a control value for an output voltage at the output of the inverter bridge circuit. An output voltage corresponding to this output value can be set, for example, by using known pulse width modulation methods by driving the power switches of the inverter bridge circuit at the output of the inverter bridge circuit. In an alternative embodiment, the controller may be designed as a two-point controller. The output value of such a two-point controller, which can also be designed as a hysteresis controller, can be used to drive the circuit breakers of the inverter bridge circuit and thus to adjust the injected alternating current. In accordance with the invention, it is also necessary in this case to appropriately shift the difference values in the ripple control frequency range used by the two-point controller by the measured actual values of the supplied alternating current or the difference values from actual values and desired values on the basis of a band stop filter adapted to the ripple control frequency be filtered. In a further embodiment of the method, the current control may include a pilot control to improve a guiding behavior of the controller, without jeopardizing the stability of the current control. For this purpose, the fed-in alternating current and / or the output voltage at the output of the inverter bridge circuit can additionally be set as a function of an output voltage of the inverter. It proves to be advantageous, instead of a measured output voltage of the inverter to use a filtered output voltage for the precontrol, wherein the filtered output voltage can be determined by means of another adapted to the ripple control frequency band stop filter from a measured output voltage. This ensures that the known advantages of feedforward control can be utilized within the scope of a current control, without an influence on the precontrol by the ripple control signals leading to an attenuation of the ripple control signals. In one embodiment of the method, the ripple control frequency from the measured output voltage and / or from the actual value of the injected alternating current is determined, for example by known signal patterns of ripple control signals are identified by means of a spectral analysis. The thus determined ripple control frequency can be used to adapt the band stop filter or the band stop filter, so that the method is adapted to adjust the current control independently without intervention from outside optimally to the ripple control frequency used in a specific AC voltage network. This makes it possible to use one and the same method and therefore one and the same inverter in different AC networks and in particular also in different countries in which different ripple control frequencies are used. An inverter according to the invention for converting an input-side direct current into an output side suitable for feeding into an alternating voltage alternating current is adapted to be operated with the inventive method described above. It is understood that the inverter can be single-phase or three-phase and correspondingly has a single-phase or a three-phase connection to the AC mains for supplying a single-phase or three-phase alternating current. In particular, in the case of three-phase inverters which supply a three-phase alternating current, operation with the method according to the invention proves to be particularly advantageous in that the current regulation takes place independently of the ripple control signals because of the use of filtered actual values or differences according to the invention. As a result, the inverter can be used in different networks in which there may be different variants of ripple control signals, in particular those which are in phase or in phase with the AC voltages in a three-phase alternating voltage network. Brief description of the figures In the following the invention will be further explained and described with reference to embodiments shown in the figures.<Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> shows an AC voltage network according to the prior art with an inverter of a power generation plant and a respective ripple control transmitter and a ripple control receiver,<Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> shows a block diagram of current regulation of a prior art inverter,<Tb> FIG. FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a current control of an inverter according to an embodiment of the method according to the invention, and FIG<Tb> FIG. 4 shows a further block diagram of a current regulation of an inverter according to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention. figure description Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an AC voltage network 1 with a ripple control transmitter 2 and an inverter 4. The AC voltage network 1 has a voltage source 7, for example, a local network station with a transformer for connecting a local network to a parent distribution network. The ripple control transmitter 2 is connected via a connection impedance 3 to the AC voltage network and feeds ripple control signals at a ripple control frequency in the AC voltage network 1 a. The ripple control signals are intended for a downstream connected consumer or generator with a ripple control receiver 6. In principle, the ripple control transmitter 2 can also be located in a medium voltage level and thus seen from the AC voltage network 1 from behind a local network station, in which case the coupled on the medium voltage level ripple control signals for several parallel alternating voltage networks 1 are provided. Between the ripple control transmitter 2 and the ripple control receiver 6, the inverter 4 is connected via a network connection point 5 to the AC voltage network 1. By a conventional supply of an alternating current by an inverter 4 according to the prior art, fed by the ripple control transmitter 2 ripple control signals in Dependence on the network impedance 8 illustrated here in a simplified manner is attenuated and is no longer or only greatly attenuated in the AC voltage network 1. The ripple control receiver 6 thus receives an at least attenuated ripple control signal, which may no longer fulfill its purpose. Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a current control 10 of an inverter 4 according to the prior art. The inverter 4 feeds a current in via the grid connection point 5 into the AC voltage network 1. The current iWR is measured by means of a current sensor 12 and coupled back into the current regulation 10. The current controller 10 receives setpoint values iWR * for the alternating current iWR to be fed from a higher-level controller (not shown here). The setpoint values iWR * have a generally sinusoidal profile and possibly a phase shift to a mains voltage UNetzauf. In the case of a photovoltaic inverter, the amplitude of the setpoint values is correlated with the power extraction from a photovoltaic generator connected on the input side to the inverter 4 and is regulated in particular in the context of so-called MPP tracking such that the photovoltaic generator supplies a maximum possible electric power Provides. From the setpoint values iWR * and the actual values iWR, a difference value is formed in a subtracter 14, which is supplied to a controller 16 and used therein as a control deviation. The controller 16 can be implemented in various variants, for example as a proportional controller (P controller) or as a proportional-integral controller (PI controller), and additionally or alternatively also comprise a multiresonant resonance component (PR or PIR controller). controller). As a function of the difference value, the controller 16 generates a control signal which is used to generate suitable drive pulses for power switches, for example MOSFETs or IGBTs of an inverter bridge circuit 18. Specifically, this control signal, for example, a setpoint for an output voltage UWRsein, then in the context of a pulse width modulation (PWM) method based on a suitable timing of the power switch of the inverter bridge circuit 18 from an input side of the inverter 4 voltage applied to the output of the inverter bridge circuit 18th is set. Alternatively, the controller 16 may also be adapted to output duty cycles for timing the power switches or even the drive signals for timing the power switches, especially if the controller 16 is designed as a two-point or hysteresis controller, so that the control of the power switch of the inverter -Bridge circuit 18 is directly dependent on the difference between the setpoint iWR * and actual value iWR. Based on the specifications of the controller 16 thus generated, the power switches of the inverter bridge circuit 18 are clocked, so that there is an actual value iWR of the injected current, which deviates as little as possible from the desired value iWR, i. in particular a sinusoidal course as accurately as possible at a defined phase offset between the fed-in current and the mains voltage has. To achieve this, a phase shift between the clocked inverter output voltage UWR and the injected current iWR must be taken into account as part of the current regulation, this phase shift in particular being determined by the output filters arranged on the output side of the inverter, i. the inductances and capacitances shown in Fig. 2 is caused. However, due to the frequency dependency of the electrical characteristics of the output side inductors and capacitances and thus the frequency dependence of the phase shift, proper consideration of this phase shift at the line frequency will result in "any" phase shift between UWR and iWR and consequently also "any" phase offset between iWR and UNetz at frequencies beyond the line frequency. Depending on the specific configuration of the output filters and the current regulation, this may result in (still acceptable) constructive addition at some frequencies. cause an amplification of any upper harmonics in the mains voltage, while at other frequencies with a correspondingly different resulting phase shift (possibly desired) damping of harmonics may occur, the latter attenuation can occur especially at the frequency of the ripple control signals. 3 shows a block diagram of a current control 20 of an inverter 4 in which the method according to the invention is implemented in one embodiment. In addition to the current regulation 10 according to FIG. 2, the current regulation 20 comprises a band stop filter 22, which is arranged between the current sensor 12 and the subtracter 14. The bandstop filter is configured to filter the measured actual values iWRderart applied to its input so that the filtered actual values iWR output via its output represent a fundamental oscillation of the AC voltage network 1 and harmonics of the supplied alternating current 1wr, but on the other hand components influenced or induced by ripple control signals fRSS are suitably out of phase in the range of a ripple control frequency. For this purpose, the band stop filter 22 is designed such that the ripple control frequency fRSS lies on the right-hand edge of the resonance point of the band stop filter 22. As a result of the band stop filter 22, frequency components in the region of the ripple control frequency fRSSgezielt phase-shifted to a present due to the electrical properties of the output side filter components phase offset between measured actual values, in particular the voltage at the output of the inverter UWRbzw. UC2, and actual actual values in the AC voltage network 1, in particular the voltage UNetz to compensate specifically. From the thus filtered actual values iWR, fwild by means of the subtractor, a difference value is formed, which is supplied as a control deviation a control element, the control element is exemplified here as a proportional-integral controller 24 and generates a control signal depending on the difference value, the 2 is used to generate suitable drive pulses for the circuit breakers of the inverter bridge circuit 18 analogously to the embodiment according to FIG. In principle, it is sufficient here to supply the filtered actual values iWR, the proportional component of the proportional-integral controller 24, while the other components of the proportional-integral controller 24, in particular the integral component, can also supply the unfiltered actual values of the alternating current iWR. This also applies analogously to the other variants of the controller 16, which are carried out in conjunction with FIG. 2. 4 illustrates, with reference to a further block diagram, a further embodiment of the method according to the invention. In addition to the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the current regulation 30 according to FIG. 4 comprises a feedforward control, which consists in particular of a feedback of an AC voltage Uc2 measured at the output of the inverter 4 into the current regulation 30, wherein ripple control signals in the measured AC voltage Uc2 before being taken into account in the current control Current control 30 are phase-shifted suitable. In accordance with the invention, the measured AC voltage UC2 is filtered by means of a band stop filter 28 in such a way that portions of the filtered AC voltage UC2 applied to the output of the band stop filter 28 are phase-shifted in the region of the ripple control frequency and the current regulation 30 takes place independently of the ripple control signals. The thus filtered AC voltage UC2, f is supplied to an adder 26, which is arranged between the output of the proportional integral controller 24 and the inverter bridge 18. Concretely, the adder 26 can form a sum value from a current setpoint output by the proportional-integral controller 24 for the output voltage UWRam output of the inverter bridge circuit 18 and the filtered AC voltage UC2, whereby this sum value output by the adder 26 is subsequently transmitted, for example, within the frame a PWM method for generating suitable drive signals for the power switch of the inverter bridge circuit 18 is used. It is understood that the band stop filter 22 and 28, which iWRbzw for damping the measured alternating current. in the measured AC voltage UC2 present shares in the range of the ripple control frequency fRSSeined are, may be embodied in different variants. Specifically, the bandstop filters 22 and 28 may preferably be embodied in digital form as FIR or IIR filters, the filter order, the bandwidth of the filter and its attenuation possibly depending on the specific position of the ripple control frequency, in particular relative to the frequency of the AC voltage network 1 to be discontinued. An asymmetrical course of the transfer functions of the band stop filters 22 and 28 is also conceivable. At the resonance point of the band stop filter 22 or 28 results in respect to the prior art increased damping. Thus, when the ripple control frequency fRSS lies on the right side edge of the bath stop filter 22 or 28, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, there is an increased attenuation of frequencies just below the ripple control frequency, while frequencies just above the ripple control frequency fRSS are attenuated more severely when the round control frequency is on the left side edge of the band stop filter 22 and 28, respectively. These properties can be used to further optimize the inventive method. As already mentioned in connection with FIG. 2, the current regulation 20 or 30 can in principle also be embodied in another form, for example by controlling the injected alternating current iWRanhand a two-point method and thus to the proportional-integral controller 24 can be omitted as a control element. A current regulation 20 or 30, which comprises a state regulator, is also conceivable as an alternative, wherein the states relevant therein comprise the alternating current iWR and the alternating voltage UC2 and can be filtered according to the invention using a band stop filter before being used in the state controller. An inverter 4, which is to use a method according to the invention can be easily equipped with a current control 20 or 30 described above, or possibly retrofitted by an update of the inverter controlling programs (so-called firmware update). Relevant parameters of the current regulation 20 or 30, in particular the ripple control frequency fRSS and / or the design based thereon of the band stop filter 22 and possibly 28, can be imported into the inverter 4 as part of the equipment or update. Alternatively, the inverter 4 may be configured to independently determine the ripple control frequency fRSSin particular based on the measured alternating currents iWR and / or the measured alternating voltages UC2. Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the description and the drawings. The advantages of features and of combinations of several features mentioned in the description are merely exemplary and may be effective as an alternative or cumulatively without the advantages of compelling embodiments of the invention having to be achieved. Without thereby altering the subject matter of the appended claims, as regards the disclosure of the original application documents and the patent, further features can be found in the drawings, in particular the illustrated geometries and the relative dimensions of several components and their relative arrangement and operative connection. The combination of features of different embodiments of the invention or of features of different claims is also possible deviating from the chosen relationships of the claims and is hereby stimulated. This also applies to those features which are shown in separate drawings or are mentioned in their description. These features can also be combined with features of different claims. Likewise, in the claims listed features for further embodiments of the invention can be omitted. The features mentioned in the claims and the description are to be understood in terms of their number so that exactly this number or a greater number than the said number is present, without requiring an explicit use of the adverb "at least". For example, when talking about an element, it should be understood that there is exactly one element, two elements or more elements. These elements may be supplemented by other features or be the only elements to which the particular method or device relates. The reference numerals contained in the claims do not limit the scope of the objects protected by the claims. They only serve the purpose of making the claims easier to understand. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS [0037]<Tb> 1 <September> AC power supply system<Tb> 2 <September> ripple control transmitter<Tb> 3 <September> Impedance<Tb> 4 <September> Inverter<Tb> 5 <September> network connection point<Tb> 6 <September> ripple control receiver<Tb> 7 <September> voltage source<Tb> 8 <September> Line Impedance<tb> 10, 20, 30 <SEP> Current control<Tb> 12 <September> current sensor<Tb> 14 <September> subtractor<Tb> 16 <September> Controller<Tb> 18 <September> inverter bridge circuit<Tb> 22 <September> band stop filter<Tb> 24 <September> proportional integral regulator<Tb> 26 <September> adder<Tb> 28 <September> band stop filter
权利要求:
Claims (10) [1] A method for operating an inverter (4), which is connected to the supply of electrical power to an alternating voltage network (1) in which ripple control signals at a ripple control frequency (fRSS) are transmitted, and a current control (20, 30) for adjusting a fed Alternating current (im.), Wherein the current regulation (20, 30) comprises the following steps:Generating a desired value (iWR *) for the injected alternating current (iWR),Detecting an actual value of the supplied alternating current (iWR) at the output of the inverter (4),Activating circuit breakers of an inverter bridge circuit (18) as a function of a difference between the setpoint value (iWR *) and the actual value of the supplied alternating current (iWR),characterized in that the actual value of the supplied alternating current (iWR) or the difference is filtered by means adapted to the ripple control frequency (fRSS) band stop filter (22), so that the current control (20, 30) is independent of ripple control signals in the AC voltage network (1). [2] 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the current control (20, 30) comprises a regulator (16), whose output value for driving the power switch of the inverter bridge circuit (18) is used. [3] 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the controller (16) is designed as a proportional-integral controller (24), as a proportional-resonance controller or as a proportional-integral-resonance controller, wherein the band stop filter (22) is applied to an input of the proportional component of the regulator (16) and the controller (16) generates as output a control value for an output voltage (UWR) at the output of the inverter bridge circuit (18), so that by driving the power switch of the inverter bridge circuit (18) an output voltage corresponding to the output value (UWR) at the output of the inverter bridge circuit (18) is set. [4] 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the controller (16) is designed as a two-point controller, wherein the output value of the two-point controller for adjusting the supplied alternating current (iWR) by driving the circuit breaker of the inverter Bridge circuit (18) is used. [5] 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current control (20, 30) comprises a pilot control, so that the supplied alternating current (iWR) and / or the output voltage (UWR) at the output of the inverter bridge circuit (18) is additionally set as a function of a filtered output voltage (UC2, f) of the inverter (4), wherein the filtered output voltage (UC2, f) by means of a further adapted to the ripple control frequency (fRSS) band stop filter (28) from a measured output voltage (UC2 ) is determined. [6] 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ripple control frequency (fRSS) from the measured output voltage (UC2) and / or from the actual value of the supplied alternating current (iWR) is determined and the thus determined ripple control frequency (fRSS) for adjusting the Bandstoppfilters (22) and the band stop filter (22, 28) is used. [7] 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the band stop filter (22) is designed such that the ripple control frequency (fRSS) is located on a left or right flank of a resonance point of the band stop filter (22). [8] 8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the band stop filter (22) generates a phase shift at the ripple control frequency (fRSS) between measured and filtered actual values, which present a phase offset between measured actual values and actual actual values in accordance with the electrical properties of output side filter components AC voltage network (1) compensated. [9] 9. Inverter (4) for converting an input-side direct current into an output side for feeding into an alternating voltage network (1) suitable alternating current (iWR), characterized in that the inverter (4) is arranged to operate with a method according to one of the preceding claims to become. [10] 10. Inverter (4) according to claim 7, characterized in that the inverter has a single-phase or a three-phase connection to the AC mains (1) and feeds a single-phase or three-phase alternating current (iWR).
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日 CH710061B1|2020-08-14| DE102015113226A1|2016-02-25|
引用文献:
公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题 DE102006047503A1|2006-10-05|2008-04-10|Repower Systems Ag|Method for operating and using an inverter|
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